{
  "title": "LearnClash Misconception Index, September 9, 2026 curated sample",
  "captureStartedAt": "2026-09-09T22:30:26.260Z",
  "captureEndedAt": "2026-09-09T22:30:44.164Z",
  "topicDocumentsRead": 968,
  "topicDocumentCap": 5000,
  "questionDocumentsRead": 40000,
  "questionDocumentCap": 40000,
  "questionCapHit": true,
  "topicBatchesCompleted": 21,
  "topicBatchesPlanned": 33,
  "completeCorpus": false,
  "automaticallyEligibleRows": 495,
  "automaticallyEligibleRecordedAnswers": 23732,
  "candidatesReviewed": 16,
  "selection": "Reviewed every automatically eligible row whose top wrong count exceeded its correct count; retained 8 with supported question/answer wording. This outcome-selected sample cannot estimate prevalence.",
  "publishedRows": 8,
  "publishedRecordedAnswers": 371,
  "minimumN": 30,
  "maximumN": 71,
  "csv": "learnclash-misconception-index-2026-09-09-curated.csv",
  "csvSha256": "af36f055be2f90e2dc1cde506097aee44d89defdf759743870dbf9a8b870e66a",
  "counterDefinition": "answerCounts increments only on a user's FIRST exposure to a question through the duel pipeline (first recorded SRS encounter since the question's last meaning-change; srsVersion bumps reset the gate), excluding timeouts, information-assisted joker answers (50:50, Peek, Crowd) and web-play answers; Double Down remains eligible (postAnswerEnrichmentTask). Keys are version-scoped semantic ids (v{version}_correct | v{version}_d{masterIndex}); only the current version's keys are eligible for publication. Dominant-version fallback rows are diagnostic-only and excluded from public CSVs. Distractor edits can change version without resetting SRS, so a current-version count is not all users' first exposure to that version. v{N}_unknown keys (logged mapping-error path) are excluded from numerator and denominator. misconceptionShare = picks of the single most-chosen wrong option / all first-encounter answers. Rotation: each exposure shows the correct answer plus 3 distractors uniformly sampled from the master pool of M, so under uniform guessing one specific distractor expects a 0.75/M share of ALL answers (0.25 when M <= 3); pValue is the one-sided binomial tail P(X >= topWrongCount) against that null, and signal is the legacy diagnostic label 'strict' below the 0.05/M within-question Bonferroni bar, 'nominal' below 0.05. These labels do not establish population-level misconceptions, independent observations, or correction for searching across many questions.",
  "limitations": [
    "Under the current write contract, authenticated human-side app answers from the duel pipeline, including AI-rival duels, contribute; standalone Solo answers do not feed answerCounts. Historical enforcement cannot be verified from these counters alone.",
    "These are recorded LearnClash app answers, not a representative population sample; distinct people cannot be counted. The same account may contribute to many rows.",
    "Counts aggregate all app locales while text fields are English.",
    "Current source code documents the counter contract; accumulated counters contain no event timestamps to verify historical enforcement or isolate a recent date window.",
    "Per-question samples vary; rows below the minAnswers gate are excluded from the publishable cut.",
    "misconceptionShare understates the conditional pick-rate for M > 3 questions (the distractor is only displayed in ~3/M of exposures), and cross-question share ranking mildly favors small pools.",
    "The largest wrong-answer count is selected after seeing the data. Rotation exposure is expected, not measured per option; guessing-model diagnostics are exploratory.",
    "beatsCorrect is a descriptive count comparison, not an independent significance result.",
    "Publish exact counts and sample size with every highlighted row. Small samples and multiple comparisons limit generalization.",
    "Questions are data-clean by version, mapping and minimum volume; each editorial example still needs factual and wording review before a pitch or chart."
  ],
  "datesAreObservationCohort": false,
  "distinctPeopleAvailable": false,
  "localeGroupsAvailable": false,
  "pressStatisticRowsAtN300": 0,
  "historicalEdition": "learnclash-misconception-index-2026-07-27.csv",
  "rank": "Original rank in the 495-row automated cut; gaps are retained.",
  "included": [
    {
      "questionId": "JWnd3dn3w8uKxCc5WMYm",
      "question": "What does the Greek name for squirrel mean?",
      "contentVersion": 1,
      "n": 71,
      "correctCount": 22,
      "topWrongCount": 26,
      "sourceUrl": "https://tpwd.texas.gov/publications/pwdpubs/media/pwd_bk_p4505_0049l.pdf",
      "note": "Greek skia means shadow and oura means tail."
    },
    {
      "questionId": "XOmcefVhu3NR8bfmUvb1",
      "question": "What colors can dogs see besides black and white?",
      "contentVersion": 2,
      "n": 64,
      "correctCount": 19,
      "topWrongCount": 25,
      "sourceUrl": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2487095/",
      "note": "Canine dichromatic color vision supports the blue/yellow distinction; no exact simulation of a dog’s experience is claimed."
    },
    {
      "questionId": "5H3blCjfbBXMK2JuxspQ",
      "question": "Which insect is the strongest relative to its body weight?",
      "contentVersion": 1,
      "n": 61,
      "correctCount": 15,
      "topWrongCount": 28,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.qmul.ac.uk/news/latest-news/2010/se/pulling-power-points-the-way-to-the-worlds-strongest-insect.html",
      "note": "The record concerns relative pulling force, measured at 1,141 times body weight; it is not a claim about every form of strength."
    },
    {
      "questionId": "RBNrGNFY2R6NiJXPcdjG",
      "question": "Who coined the scientific name 'Dinosauria' in 1842?",
      "contentVersion": 1,
      "n": 53,
      "correctCount": 14,
      "topWrongCount": 16,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/how-dinosaurs-got-their-name.html",
      "note": "Owen’s report introducing Dinosauria was printed in 1842; the earlier meeting occurred in 1841."
    },
    {
      "questionId": "W2E7gtW6sYKzFBegbpW2",
      "question": "Why do stars twinkle when viewed from Earth?",
      "contentVersion": 2,
      "n": 31,
      "correctCount": 3,
      "topWrongCount": 9,
      "sourceUrl": "https://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question26.html",
      "note": "Moving air in Earth’s atmosphere bends starlight."
    },
    {
      "questionId": "ybme6xZ1lnqdp6U3rKSl",
      "question": "Why do we see halos around the Moon sometimes?",
      "contentVersion": 2,
      "n": 31,
      "correctCount": 7,
      "topWrongCount": 9,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.weather.gov/arx/why_halos_sundogs_pillars",
      "note": "Ice crystals refract lunar light; this is not a claim that all halo types have the same angle."
    },
    {
      "questionId": "CREROohXhi2oeMAn1VnJ",
      "question": "What did Galileo see on Venus like the Moon?",
      "contentVersion": 2,
      "n": 30,
      "correctCount": 10,
      "topWrongCount": 12,
      "sourceUrl": "https://science.nasa.gov/resource/galileos-phases-of-venus-and-other-planets/",
      "note": "Galileo observed Venus phases resembling those of the Moon."
    },
    {
      "questionId": "7jASBBHcIXHmch8o0JfN",
      "question": "Why is Pluto not considered a planet anymore?",
      "contentVersion": 2,
      "n": 30,
      "correctCount": 6,
      "topWrongCount": 11,
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.iau.org/IAU/Iau/News/PR2006/iau-2006-general-assembly-resolution-votes.aspx",
      "note": "The IAU definition requires clearing the orbital neighbourhood; it does not require an orbit empty of all other bodies."
    }
  ],
  "excluded": [
    {
      "questionId": "ZIk9YCraPPkFPAjjzqGK",
      "question": "Historically, how many Earths fit inside Jupiter's Great Red Spot?",
      "reason": "Historically has no date or clear dimensional scope for the shrinking storm."
    },
    {
      "questionId": "HMs1QUmc65LcXgVI6H77",
      "question": "Which molecule delivers most of the body’s energy to tissues during a 48-hour fast?",
      "reason": "All-tissue energy superlative during a 48-hour fast not adequately supported."
    },
    {
      "questionId": "HfKgFCENxZU2sKMqd8LO",
      "question": "Which god was depicted by the tallest statue of the ancient world?",
      "reason": "Unqualified tallest statue of the ancient world superlative."
    },
    {
      "questionId": "Y0g7xWIqys79jhUHElZt",
      "question": "Why do sloths descend from trees once a week?",
      "reason": "Weekly ground defecation needs a three-toed-sloth scope; two-toed sloths differ."
    },
    {
      "questionId": "iK1rzoz5HM4dqrhgF3PH",
      "question": "Why did SpongeBob and Patrick fear the Cyclops?",
      "reason": "Subjective fear motivation; no exact primary scene verified."
    },
    {
      "questionId": "Du10xQGtlP5X2NDza3DG",
      "question": "What can modern hens grow using their ancient genes?",
      "reason": "Adult hens wording omits the essential mutant-embryo scope."
    },
    {
      "questionId": "F1fxWK1AhWYvMNM0Zb8t",
      "question": "The tiny winged gold ball in wizarding matches was designed to mimic which animal's flight?",
      "reason": "Bird and hummingbird choices overlap at category level."
    },
    {
      "questionId": "R7WBLXUItw3sMeKVUzLG",
      "question": "What real-life place inspired the description of the Great Hall?",
      "reason": "Film-set inspiration does not establish influence on a literary description."
    }
  ],
  "methodCorrection": "The original capture metadata used broad joker-assisted wording. Source review confirmed that Double Down remains eligible. The raw capture is preserved unchanged; this public method corrects that prose without changing any counts.",
  "counterSourcePaths": [
    "functions/src/duels/postAnswerEnrichmentTask.ts:769"
  ]
}